Evaluation of Diuretic Activity on Leaves Extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn

 

V. Velmurugan¹*, T. Sundarrajan¹, A. Chandran², G. Arunachalam²

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur

²PGP College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research Institute, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India.

 

ABSTRACT:

In this work we studied the diuretic potential of aqueous and ethanolic leaves extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn in experimental Wister rats. The ethanolic extract was done by Continuous Hot Percolation method and the aqueous extract was done by Maceration method. Both aqueous and ethanolic Extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn was tested to check the presence of different active constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids and saponins. The aqueous and ethanolic leaves extract Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn was used for diuretic activity at the dose 200 mg/kg was compared with standard drug furosemide (10 mg/kg). Various ion concentrations like Sodium, Potassium, Chloride and urine volume was measured. Urine volume increases in aqueous extract than the ethanolic extract. Both the extract showed more urine volume when compared to control but less than that of standard drug. The significant increases in Sodium, Potassium and Chloride ion concentration in both the extract group.

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Herbal drugs are vital for the treatment of some renal problems and few of the herbs shows diuretic activity.¹ Diuretics are the agents that increase the rate of urine out flow and are very much useful to maintain the volume and composition of body fluids in different clinical conditions. These drug- produces so much beneficial effect in most of the renal problems like congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, nephritis, kidney failure, increased blood pressure and pregnancy toxaemia.²

 

Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Sapindaceae) has been used in herbal treatment of rheumatism, nervous diseases, piles, diuretic, diaphoretic, laxative and phthisis. Different Pharmacological studies like analgesic, antipyretic and anti inflammatory studies were reported by using animal models.^3,4

 

 

The plant was reported to possess antimicrobial, anxiolytic, antidiarrhoeal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, nephroptotective, antihyperglycemic and antiulcer activities.^5-10 Based on literature evidences, the diuretic activity was focused of leaves extract of this plant.

 

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Extract Preparation:

Leaves were collected and dried at 27-30°C for 30 days under shade and made into coarse powder. This Plant material extracted with ethanol by soxhlation method and aqueous extract obtained by maceration method. The prepared extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn leaves was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator.

 

Phytochemical Test:

Both the aqueous and ethanolic extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn was tested to check the different bioactive constituents like alkaloids, bioflavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids and saponins.^11-13

 

 

 

Toxicity Study:

This study became achieved according to OECD suggestions 423 to find the toxicity. Swiss albino female mice weighing between 20-25gms had been used for this study. Acute toxic method technique is a stepwise manner using 3 animals of single sex per group depending at the mortality or morbidity repute of the animals. Average 2-4 steps can be judgment on the intense toxicity of the substance. 3 rats were used for each step. Each mice was observed for its state of toxicity, morbidity or mortality at some point of the primary 24hrs with unique given commentary at some point of the first four hours and day by day thereafter for a total of 14 days.¹⁴

 

Diuretic activity:

The Wister male rats weighing 150-220g collected from the animal house used for this work. The animals had been maintained in polypropylene cages of trendy dimensions at a temperature of 28±1°C and standard 12 hours: 12-hour day/night rhythm. The animals were fed with standard rodent pellet weight loss plan and water ad libitum. Prior to the test, the animals were acclimatized to the laboratory situations. ¹⁵All animal experiments conducted throughout the prevailing take a look at were given previous Approval from Institutional Animal Ethics Committee number 1525/P0/11/CBCSEA and followed by the recommendations of IAEC.

 

Animals were placed in a collection of four in separate cages. All animals were given general weight loss plan and water frequently. Animals were divided into four groups of six animals each. Animals have been fasted in a single day with water ad libitum and subjected to experimental studies. Before treatment, all animals received physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) at an oral dose of 25 ml/kg bodyweight (BW). The first group kept as control and the second group was as standard with an oral dose of 10 mg/kg body weight of furosemide. Third and fourth groups have been received with an oral dose of 200mg/kg body weight of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn.

 

All the animals in each group placed in individual metabolic cages. Urine was collected and measured at 1, 2, 3,4 and 5th h after the dose. Determination of Sodium and Potassium ion concentration was done by Flame photometry and chloride ion concentration through titration with silver nitrate solution using 3 drops of ferric alum as an indicator.^16-18 Results are reported as the mean ± SEM.

 

Statistical Analysis:

The data was expressed as mean±SEM. The data of diuretic activity was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s test. P***<0.001 was considered as statistically significant.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Both the ethanolic and aqueous extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum leaves was tested to check the different active constitute like alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, and saponins. The acute toxicity studies showed no death of mice was noticed up to 2000mg/kg. The aqueous and ethanolic leaves extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum was used for diuretic activity at the dose of 200mg/kg and this study comparison with standard drug furosemide (10mg/kg). The various ion concentration like sodium, potassium, chloride and Urine volume was measured. Urine volume increased in aqueous extract than the ethanolic extract. Both the extracts showed more urine volume when compared to control but less than that of standard. Significant increases in Potassium, Sodium and Chloride ion concentration in both extract group.

 

Table 1. Diuretic Potential of Different Extracts of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn leaves on Rats

S. No	Treatment	Dose (mg/kg)	Urine Volume (ml/kg)	Electrolyte excretion (mEq/l)
				Na+	K+	Cl-
1	Control	25	2.13±0.17	72.15±0.47	14.4±0.38	81.5±1.4
2	Standard (Furosemide)	10	4±0.1***	129.16±3.31***	25.36±1.19***	133±1.52***
3	Aqueous extract	200	3.61±0.09**	85.21±1.01**	17.16±0.32**	72.2±0.6**
4	Ethanolic extract	200	3.25±0.07**	81.26±0.79**	18.21±0.13**	81±0.89**

Results are expressed as mean±standard error, n=6 in each group.

**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 compared with the control group.

 

This plant Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn contain secondary metabolites showed diuretic activity. So it will be useful for treatment of hypertension associated with renal failure in which the biologically active constituent acts on the different component of biological system. Further isolation of secondary metabolite responsible for diuresis is necessary from this plant.

 

Excess of sodium ions in the body fluids leads to idiopathic hypertension and this main cause for deformities of the arterial blood pressure. At the dose of 200mg/kg aqueous extract the amount of sodium and potassium ion excretion was lower than that of standard. So this plant reflect diuretic activity when compared with control. In the present study the Aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed bioactive constituents flavonoids and terpenoids were found to be important for diuretic activity. The result of this study indicated both the extract are more effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration of Sodium, Potassium and Chloride ions.

 

CONCLUSION:

From the above study the Aqueous and Ethanolic extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum (200mg/kg) increased urine volume significantly and also potentiate Sodium, Potassium and Chloride ion excretion. The separation of bioactive guided fraction will be required to isolate the principle component for diuretic activity.

 

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Received on 14.12.2018           Modified on 21.01.2019

Accepted on 16.02.2019         © RJPT All right reserved